|
Nuclear terrorism refers to an act of terrorism in which a person or persons belonging to a terrorist organization detonates a nuclear device.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nuclearsummit.org/nuclear_terrorism_101.html )〕 Some definitions of nuclear terrorism include the sabotage of a nuclear facility and/or the detonation of a radiological device, colloquially termed a dirty bomb, but consensus is lacking. In legal terms, nuclear terrorism is an offense committed if a person unlawfully and intentionally “uses in any way radioactive material … with the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury; or with the intent to cause substantial damage to property or to the environment; or with the intent to compel a natural or legal person, an international organization or a State to do or refrain from doing an act”, according to the 2005 United Nations International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism. The possibility of terrorist organizations using nuclear weapons (including those of a relatively smaller size, such as those contained within suitcases (suitcase nuclear device), is something which is known of within U.S. culture, and at times previously discussed within the political settings of the U.S. It is considered plausible that terrorists could acquire a nuclear weapon. However, despite thefts and trafficking of small amounts of fissile material, all low-concern and less than Category III Special nuclear material (SNM), there is no credible evidence that any terrorist group has succeeded in obtaining Category I SNM, the necessary multi-kilogram critical mass amounts of weapons grade plutonium required to make a nuclear weapon.〔Matthew Bunn. (Preventing a Nuclear 9/11 ) ''Issues in Science and Technology'', Winter 2005, p. v.〕〔Ajay Singh. (Nuclear terrorism — Is it real or the stuff of 9/11 nightmares? ) ''UCLA Today'', February 11, 2009.〕 ==Scope== (詳細はdirty bomb * Attacking a nuclear reactor, e.g., by disrupting critical inputs (e.g. water supply) * Attacking or taking over a nuclear-armed submarine, plane or base. Nuclear terrorism, according to a 2011 report published by the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University, can be executed and distinguished via four pathways: *The use of a nuclear weapon that has been stolen or purchased on the black market *The use of a crude explosive device built by terrorists or by nuclear scientists who the terrorist organization has furtively recruited *The use of an explosive device constructed by terrorists and their accomplices using their own fissile material *The acquisition of fissile material from a nation-state. U.S. President Barack Obama calls nuclear terrorism "the single most important national security threat that we face". In his first speech to the U.N. Security Council, President Obama said that "Just one nuclear weapon exploded in a city -- be it New York or Moscow, Tokyo or Beijing, London or Paris -- could kill hundreds of thousands of people". It would "destabilize our security, our economies, and our very way of life". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「nuclear terrorism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|